Dynamo-electric machine



(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet l.

N. H. BDGERTON.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

No. 279,362. Patented June 12,1888.

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N. H. EDGERTON DYNAI'VIO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

N0.'Z'79,36Z. Patented June 12,1883.

WITNESSES:

6 SheetsSheet 3.

(No Model.) 7

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' 'DYNAMO ELE-GTRIO'MAGHINE.

Patented June 12, 1883,

WITNESSES:

(No Model.) 6 sheets sheet 4. N. H. EDGER-TON.

DYNAMO ELEGTRlG MACHINE.

No. 279,362. I Patented June 12,1883.

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.. WITNESSES:

- 6 Sheets-Sheet 5.

N. H. EDGERTON. I

DYNAMO ELEGTRIG MACHINE.

Patented June 12,1883.

INVENTOR 7 &

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WITNESSES:

Mal/$10 (No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 6. N. H. EDGERTON.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

No. 279,362. Patented June 12,1883.

7J. Sagas WITNESSES:

' PATaNT- tries.

NATHAN I-I. EDGERTON, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

DYNAMO-ELECTRI'Q'MACHINE.-

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 279,362, dated June 12, 1883.

To all 1071 0722 it may concern:

Be it known that I, NATHAN HUNTLEY EDGERTON, of the city and county of Philadelphia, in the State. of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Dynamo-Electric Machines, Systems of Electrical Currents, and Means for Producing, Controlling, and lie-enforcing, said Ourrents, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention, broadly stated, is the construction of a bipolar machine from which one or a series of separate and distinct currents can be derived or produced, and to such end my invention, broadly considered, comprehends a system of coupling entirely distinct from any heretofore devised, and spe'cial constructions of the armature, commutator,

and field-magnets, enabling such. cou'plin g, and I hereinafter described at length.

Specifically considered, these special constructions comprehend a revolving armature made in separate pieces or bobbins arranged in opposite pairs aiid wound with connected coils the terminals of which are opposite pairs of roller-contacts carried by and revolving with the armaturc-a special construction whereby my armature is made to conform more nearly to the action of the laccinotti ring; comprehend, also, a casing composed of two oppositely-placed semi-cy1indric shells to each of which are connected, in sets of three, radial cores which carry and support in fixed relation two opposite semi-cylindric inducing-surfaces or pole-pieces concentric with the shells,

constituting the poles of the machines, andmade so as not to meet each other but to leave an axially disposed'open space constituting a neutral zone between the fields;and comprehends, finally, a fixed commutator composed of a series of segments, two of which I term the minor segments, connect together electrically, and in the set of the machine dispose in such manner as to register within the area of the neutral. zone of the machine,and two 7 ofwhich I term the major segments, arrange to register within the influence of the fieldmagnets, and either make single when the machine is especially constructed with a view to the production of but .a single field-current, or else divide into two (or if desired more) sets when the machine is especially constructed with a view to the productionof two or more Application filed January 15, 1883. (No model.)

field-currents ,-said commutator, whatever he the specific arrangement of its segments, being preferably cylindriform, fixed to receive the tread ot' the bobbin terminal contacts, and having the terminals of the wires of the exterior circnitswhether field or snbsidiarycon nected with its segments.

In the accompanying drawings which form a part of this specification, and in all such views of the same as depict a commutator, with the exception of Figures and 21, said commutator is either represented or supposed constructed with two sets of major segments so as to adapt it for the taking off of two fieldcurrents,

' Fig. 1 represents in top plan sectional view a preferred form of apparatus conveniently embodying my invention (section being sup posed in a horizontal plane projected on the dotted line a. a of Fig. 2), the wires of the exterior circuits not being represented but the ratus, viewed from the left-hand side of Fig.

1 and representing the coupling and arrangement of wires resorted to when it is desired to produce two main and one subsidiary circuit.

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 and similarly viewed, representing the coupling and arrangement of wires resorted to when it is desired to produce one main current for the operating of lamps, or for other work, and

another main current for the re-enforcement of the fields; the armature for clearer illustration is omitted from this view, as are also the wires of the subsidiary circuit.

Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional elevationin planes projected on the dotted line b b of the armature in Fig. 1, representing a convenient construction of armature.

Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view of a modified construction of armature, section being supposed in a diametric plane projected on the dotted line 0 c of Fig. '7, which lastnamed figure is a longitudinal sectional detail on the line 0 c of said Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a transverse sectional elevation, on-

wires of one pair of armature-bobbins, comff of Fig. 9, ofyet anothermodified construe netization of the successive pairs of bobbins or.

said armature and is not prolonged to form a subsidiary circuit.

Fig. 13 is a vertical longitudinal central sectional elevation, in the plane of the dotted line It 7.: of Fig. 10, of one of the hubs of the armature, the insulating-plate of the arn'iature, one pair of bobbin, terminals, and the commutator.

Fig. l l. wm nrehemls three views of a convenient form of spool for the cores of the fieldmagnets.

Fig.12 is an end elevation of one of the polepieces and its cores, removed from the casing.

Fig. 14 is a view in perspective, partially sectional, of the commutator and certain of the bobbin tern'iina-ls o t' the armature, drawn with a special. view to the representation of an ar rangement of the two separate sets of commutator segments and a construction in which four pairs of a1mature-bobbins are employed.

Fig. 1.5 is a longitudinal, sectional detail of one of the bobbin terminals representing a preterred method of application of its rollen contact.

Fig. 16 is a perspective detail ofa n'eierred form of bobbin-spool for the armature, it being of the character represented in either Fig. (i or 8.

Fig. 17 is a similar view re n'esenting one of the screws which secure the spools in place upon the hub of the armature.

Fig. 18 is an end or face elevation looking from the armature of a modified construction of commutator made in disk form and having the segments upon its face, -th e armature-s] raft being represented in section on the line '0 '0 of Fig. 19, and the roller-contacts which travel upon the face of the commutator being represented in dotted lines.

Fig. 19 is a sectional view of the same and of the insulating-plate and bobbin terminals of the armature, section. ofthc commutator being supposed upon planes projected through the dotted lines 10 w of Fig. 18, and the sight being taken from below upward with respect to said Fig. 18.

Fig. 20 is aview in perspective illustrative of a form of commutator in which each of the two adjoining major segments are undivided diametrically by a mica plate and made as a,

single piece, this arrangement of my commutator being that preferably adopted when I desire to employ my apparatus for the produetion. of but one exterior field-circuit, the com- .mutator then being composed of but four s ments, two minor segments which in the set up of the machine register within the area of the neutral. zone and two major segments which register within the area of influence of the iiel d magnets.

Fig. 21. is a diametrie section through the connmitator of Fig. 20.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

A pre ferred form ofa convenient embodiment of my invention is, as stated, represented in the above-described drawings, certain modifications of the structure of certain parts also represented, and all hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings, A repre sents a base from which. is erected two semicylindric and oppositelyplaced shells B which form in connection with the base the i11cl0singcasing or frame-work of the machine.

As a preferred construction the shells and base are cast of iron as a connected. whole.

At the top the shells are divided so as not to meet and the opening between them is l'n'idged by a suitably-shaped plate (I of dia magnetic material such as brass, which is fixedly connected in place to the shells and which when in place completes the cylindriform eontour of the structure.

This casing forms the support for the devices composing the fieldanagnets and for the bearings within which is journaled the shaft of the revolving armature; it also serves as a keeper for the exterior poles of all the cores of the fieldanagnets.

I) D are respectively the positive and the negative pole-pieces of the machine, being segments of soft iron disposed oppositely to each other and concentrically with respect to the semi-cylindrie shells of the casing.

Neither of these pole-pieces is scctionally a complete semicircle, but both stop short of so being in order to leave between their adjacent sides open spaces which constitute the neutral zone E of the machine.

The semi-cylindric inducing -surl'aces are the positive and negative pole-pieces which form the poles of the machine.

/ Both po1e-pieees are provided as totheir exterior surfaces with three radial cores (1* (7 which, preferably, have each two ')aralle] flat sides and two rounded edges and are of length sufficient to span the cylindritbrm interspace between the exterior surfaces of the pole-pieces and the interior surfaces of the semi-cylindric shells, so that through the instrumentality of bolts or kindred connecting devices F the cores can be rigidly affixed to the shells so as to retain the pole-pieces in proper position with respect to each other and relatively to saidv shells.

The cores are preferably cast with the pole pieces and are, whether cast or formed as separate members, composed of iron.

G are spools formed of brass or other dia IIO magnetic material, conformed to the cores, and adapted to be slipped thereupon prior to the affixing of the cores within the shells. v

These spools are of the usual flanged construction and are adapted to receive the helices of insulated wire by means of currents through which the field-magnets are energized.

The application of the various helices to these spools is hereinafter described.

The casing is provided with any desired number of binding-posts H for the wires of the spools.

The length of the casing may be varied, as may be also the length of the pole-pieces, although it is preferable that the length of the pole-pieces should not exceed that of the easing. The general dimensions also may be varied at will.

If desired more than one set of three cores may be applied to each pole-piece, but the ad ditional sets must be in corresponding series of threes, radially disposed, in the same longitudinal planes, and otherwise of essentially the same construction as that series hereinbefore described and illustrated in the drawings.

The increase in series would simply be with a view to augmenting the power of the machine.

I is a shaft axially journaledwith respect to the casing in bearings 'i supported from brackets J sprung from the semi-cylindric shells as represented, or supported upon standards erected from the base, or otherwise connected or applied as convenience of manufacture may dictate.

The shaft is driven through the medium of a pulley K actuated by a motor, or is otherT wise caused to rotate.

The shaft is equipped with. the rotating armature which is provided with terminals for its bobbins which terminals revolve in fixed connection with the armature.

* Heretofore revolving armatures have been formed of a series of detachable parts, in or der that the coils which form the bobbins may be first wound upon the proper parts and the latter then assembled and by suitable means bound together so as to constitute a connected whole or armature'proper. I prefer to resort to this sectional structure, and have herein illustrated and described several constructions alike embodying this idea, either one of which. may with equal profit be resorted to and all of which are illustrated in the drawings. Said constructions are alike in that they all make use of detachable bobbin-spools and vary only in the mechanical devices by which said spools may be secured to the hubs which carry them.

L, Figs. 1, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, 13, and 17, arehubs or disk-shaped plates fixedly secured at a predetermined distance apart upon the shaft and designed to carry and have secured to them the bobbin-spools M, Figs. 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 16,

a predetermined length and bounded by radial flanges m of slightly greater length. I

' Any given series of these spools depending upon their proportions, that is to say, upon the breadth of their segmental pieces, may be employed.

I have represented constructions in which respectively eight (Figs. 5 and (i) and sixteen (Fig. 8) of these spools are employed.

The coils of insulated wire which form the bobbins N of the armature are wrapped longitudinally around the segmental pieces between the radial flanges of these bobbin-spools to a depth necessary to fill the space up to the height of the flanges, ireferably before the spools are assembled and connected.

One extremity of each of these bobbin-coils 'the terminal first mentioned.

Three methods, mechanically different but operating to the same result, of connecting these bobbin-spools to the hubs are represented in Figs. 1, 5, (5, 7, 8, and 9.

In Fig. 5, spokes Zare sprung radially from the hubs in. sets of two and embrace two contiguous flanges of adjacent bobbin-spools, rigid connection, being effected by means of bolts Z or if desired by other means.

In this construction a central web a: is sprung from the exterior surface of the segmental pieces of each bobbin-spool so as to divide each of the latter in such manner that two separate coils forming bobbins can be applied with. eaclrliiobbin-spool. This is an optional construction. which may also be resorted to with the other attachments of bobbin-spools v hereinafter described.

In Figs 6 and 7 the extremities of the flanges of the bobbin-spools are notched as at a, and the bobbiir'spools are let into radial recesses 0 in the perimeter of the hubs, and held in place by a band or ring of metal 0 which is fitted over the hub and over the projecting extremities of the flanges beyond the notched portion and is connected by screws 0 or kindred fastening devices with the hubs.

IIO

In Figs. 8 and?) the bobbin-spools are simply placed side by side upon the hubs made with smooth perimeters, and connection with said hubs is conveniently effected by means of suitably-shaped screw-bolts P or kindred devices, as well represented in. Figs. 7 9, and

cal construction of a sectional revolving arma.

ture.

The shalt ol' the armature is made 01. steel, the hubs are made of brass or other diamagnetic material to prevent the setting up of magnetic circuits through the armature, and the bobbin-synmls are made of soft iron.

.-"\.t that extremity of the armature which is adjacent to the commutator, and which, l'may premise, may, according to the set of the commutator, be either extremity of the armature, the hub and the extremities of the bobbin spools on. that end are covered by or equipped with a plate of insulating material Q of ebonite or kindred non-conducting material.

R are the bobbin terminals, being arms of metal or other conducting material, preferably longitudinally projected from or aiiixed to the insulating-plate of the armature.

The bobbin terminals are of any convenient l'orm and construction,in the construct-ion re nresented they are parallel with the shat't,- and contain the outer extremities of the insulated wires forming the bobbins of the arma tare, which wires are represented as embedded or other convenient method.

These bobbin terminals are arranged in diaii1etrically-opposite pairs, and each terminal. is attached to the terminal extremity of one of the coils of wire 'lorming one of the arma ture-bobljiins.

A convenient .l'orm of construction is rep resented in detail in Figs l0, 13, 14, and 15 of the drawings, in which raredependingslotted lugs forming a housing at the extremity of each terminal, within which housing is contained a frame r sup mrting the axle r of a rotating contact S, or metal roller.

Each frame is connected with its housing by a metallic spring 2 so as to be constantly under the influence of a force tending to press it and its rollcncontact from out the housing. The axles are convei'iiently guided in slots formed in the depending lugs ot' the housing.

These rolleramntacts, in which. the bobbi terminals considered as an entirety end, travel over the surfaces of the commutator, and are preferably of such breadth as to their tread and provided in such numbers as, in the aggregate ot' their paths, to cover the entire length of the surface of the comniutator.

These bobbin terminals are provided, as stated, in diametricallyopposite pairs and it is a prerequisite where a commutator having two sets of major segments is employed that the roller-co1 1tacts oi. each pair should tread upon the same set of segments of the eommututor and not upon separate sets.

In the set of the machine the roller-contacts ot' the bobbin terminals when in place over the surfaces of the commutator are held in constant and forcible contact therewith by the ex pansion of their springs.

In the event of the rac ng of the engine or other motor employed to drive the armature, whereby such excessive rapidity of revolution would be imparted to said armature as to oe casion through the generation of an excessive current damage to the lamps and the machine itself, the incr .ased centrii'itigal l'oree causes the raising of the roller-contacts from. the face of the comnmtator and the compression of their springs, thereby breaking the contact and averting the disastrous consequences other wise, in theabsencc of special provision, necessarily resulting.

It is proper for me to say here that other forms of contacts than rollers can be substituted in the bobbin terminals with the same result electrically, and that other construct-ions of housing and frame for my roller-contacts can be substituted in the stead of those represented and described, while the shape and method of application of the bobbin terminals may be varied at will provided the essential features of arrangements hereinbel'ore mentioned are retained.

The commutator, best shown .in l igs. 1, it), 13, ill, 2t), and 2.1. is conveniently aflixed to a sleeve T, formed of bronze or other metal adapted to resist frictional wear, which in el'- feet constitutes a bushing of the shaft and which is flanged into or connected by l'langes t with one ofthe bearings of' the shalt, as clearly shown in Fig. 14.

Upon this sleeve is al'tixed or rigidly mounted what I term a commutator-head U, being a fixed disk ot'ebonite or kindred non -eonducti 11g material which is conveniently provided with a correspondent series of circuit binding-posts a in which the opposite extremities of the wires of the various exterior circuits termh nate,but which may receive the terminal extremities ot'the wires of said circuits by hav ing them suitably embedded therein and electrically connected with thcsets of segments.

V is a tube of cbonite or other non-colulueling material, closely cirtaimscribing the sleeve of the commutator and. atiixed thereto, and, if desired, made as a projecting tubular boss of the coimnutator-head.

This tube is completely and closely enveloped or surrounded by a hollow cylinder of copper or other conducting metal, which is divided longitudinally to form what I term major or long segments \V W and minor or short segments X, the divisions bctwecn which segments are filled by properlyshaped pieces of mica, glass, or kindred insulating material, Y.

The'cylinder aforesaid, which, considered as an entirety, is composed of these segments is, as an expedient of manufacture, formed of two concentric metal annuli, similarly divided into the segments, so thatwhen the segn'ients of the exterior annulus wear under the tread of the roller-contacts, they, said exterior seg ments, may be replaced upon the unworn'seg ments of the interior annulus.

The commutator is so disposed in the set of the apparatus that its short segments register within the plane or area of the neutral zone.

either divided into a right and left hand set' each composed of two opposite major segments as especially illustrated in Fig. 14 and respectively designated in said figure by the letters W XV, or else are each single and undivided by the mica plate as represented in Figs. and21, the latter arrangement being one to which, as stated, resort is had when it is desired to construct my apparatus especially for use in the production of a single exterior field-circuit as herein fully explained.

The minor segments are preferably undivided diametrically and consequently are of double the longitudinal extent of the major segments and common to bothsets.

The right and left hand sets of major segments are divided from each other by a suitably-shaped plate of mica or other insulating material extending down to the ebonite tube, and are similarly divided from the common minor segments.

Y designates these mica plates which are best illustrated in Fig. 14:.

In the form of commutator represented in Fig. 14 and in which two sets of major segments are employed, the tread of any pair of the roller-contacts is wholly upon either the right or the left hand set of major segments, traversing of course the common minor segments, and is never uponthe mica plates which diametrically divide said right and left hand sets of major segments.

I have spoken of the circuit binding-posts u as erected from the commutator-head: It is, however, obvious that if the terminal extremities of the several exterior circuits are suitably embedded or entered into the proper segments of the commutator, the bindingposts may be wholly dispensed with, or, if de- ;sired, placed upon the brackets J which support the bearings of the shaft, or upon other supports. v

Z is the bobbin-discharging wire removably applied to connect the minor segments in the manner indicated in Fig. '10, it being intro duced through the ebonite tube of the commutator in the manner shown.

The office of this discharging-wire is to en able the demagnetization of a given pair of vbobbins of the armature as hereinafter more fully described.

The terminal extremities of the wires of the several circuits are embedded in or connected with opposite pairs of segments, as hereinafter fully described.

Having now described a preferred construction of an apparatus conveniently, simply, and cheaply embodying my invention before proceeding to a description of the manner in which I utilize said apparatus either for the produc tion of one or two main currents, or for the production in connection with either one or two main currents of a subsidiary current, or for the equal distribution of one main current for re-enforcing the magnetization of the fi el d-magnets, or for the demagnetization of given pairs of armature-bobbins and the consequent increase in value of .the main currents, it is proper for me to state that the operation of my apparatus, electrically considered,that is to say, the operation of the armature in the energizing of the field-magnets and of the commutator as such, -is the same as in other forms of dynamo-electric machines heretofore known.

The operation of my machine, mechanically considered, arises from the revolution of the shaft and the rotation thereby of the armature through the magnetic fields (in which a certain amount of residual magnetism is presupposed) so as to energize the latter, with't-he result of enabling the utilization of the induction arising from such energizing action for the creation of electrical currents in the armature, and for the passage thereof throughout exterior circuits, under and subject, of course, to the operation of the commutator in the transfer of such currents.

The object of my invention being,as hereinbefore stated, to enable the creation of different currents from a single bipolar machine, it is to be understood that the machine has its wires differently coupled or connected for the production of the different currentsz-thus, one system of coupling and arrangement is necessary when the apparatus is to be utilized for the production of but a single exterior or main current, another when for the production of two exterior or main currents, another when for theequal energizing or re-enforcement in magnetization of the field-magnets by one exterior current employed in connection with another exterior current, and still another when the demagnetization of a given pair of armature-bobbins is utilized for either the discharge of such bobbins into each other or for the production of a subsidiary current.

I now proceed to describe the several systems of coupling which are capable of application and resorted to in connect-ion with a commutator having two sets of major segments and of the character especially illustrated in Fig. 14, it being borne in mind that the above is the form of commutator which I have especially designed for use in the production of two field-currents.

Assume that I desire to set up a current in a single exterior circuit for the running, for instance, of arc-lamps:-I couple one extremity of an insulated wire with one of the circuit binding-posts communicating with one of the long segments of the commutator, or connect it with said segment direct, and carry such wire in coils around the spools of one field-magnet in succession, and then carry the wire off through an exterior circuit, provided if desired with lamps, and back again to the spools of the opposite'field-magnet, wind it around them in opposite succession, and connect the extremity beyond the last spool to that circuit binding post which communicates with that long seg mentwhich is diametrically opposite to the long segment to which the first end of the wire has been-described as attached, or to the given I connect-ion can be made between the wires of long segment itself.

In the production and setting up of a current through this circuit, I utilize all the bobbin-spools of the armature, which spools are previously wound in opposite pairs.

Each pair of the bobbin-spools of the armature is wound in the following manner:-

A wire leading from one of the bobbin ten minals is wound lengthwise around one of the bobbin-spools employed in connection with said terminal, as shown in Fig. 1, a wire leading from the diametrically-opposite terminal is correspondingly wound around the diametrically-opposite spool, and the finishing ends of the two wires so wound are connected together across the breadth of the armature.

Whatever may be the coupling or setting up of the apparatus, the bobbins of the armature are preferably wound in the above manner and placed in opposite pairs, the corresponding extremities of the wires forming the coils 011 the opposite bobbins being connected with opposite bobbin terminals.

As a matter of course in the above arrangement it will be necessary to electrically connect together the adjoining major segments of the two sets or pairs of major segments, which may be readily done by simply carrying a sepa rate wire from each of the two major segments which in the commutator are side by side (for instance, the two segments lettered W \V and shown in Fig. lat) and connecting the wires at points either immediately outside of the commutator or upon or near the casing of the magnetic fields, and of course making similar connections for the two adjoining major segments which are respectively the opposite neighbors of the two first considered. It is convenient to attach these connecting-wires to terminals on the casing, and between these terminals it is of course easy to establish the required connection by inserting a short eonducting-wire extending from one terminal to another, without in any manner rearranging the comnmtator-segments themselves. Some connection between the pairs of major segments must, of course, be made, or else all the roller-contacts of the armature must be an ranged to tread upon that set or pair of major segments which alone is in connection with the wires of the field-circuit, as, should any pair or pairs of these contacts tread upon that set or pair of major segments which is not so con nected, said contacts would be inert for the transmission of an armature-current through the bobbins connected with them.

As this latter arrangement, which presupposes that all the rollencontacts areset to tread upon one pair of major segments only, would manifestly necessitate means of adj ustment in the length of bobbin terminals, it is obvious that the connection of wires first described is the better practice to resort to.

I do not, however, restrict myself to a con nection between the wires of the two adjoining major segments, as it is manifest that a diagonallyopposite major segments, which while productive of one current only would result in the setting up of a current of higher intensity than when adjoining segments were connected.

A removable wire arranged to bridge the mica plate which diametrically divides the adjoining major segments and to have its ends embedded in said segments would, of course, occasion the electrical connection of the adjoining segments, an d, for the time being, practically convertthe two pairs of major segments into one.

It is proper for me in this connection to state that, although it is perfectly easyas above set forth-to make such a connection between the major segments of a comnmtator having two sets of major segments upon both of which the bobbin terminals are set to travel as shown in Fig. 14, as will connect said major segments electrically and enable the taking oft of a single field-current,yet that a connnutator in which the major segments are divided into two sets is especially designed and adapted for the taking off of two-field-crurents, and that when but one such current is desired I prefer to employ a commutator in which the major seg ments are not divided and such for instance as is illustrated in Figs. 20 and 211..

A connection and arrangement ot' the character above described is analogous as to its re sults to the results attained by well-known dynamo'electric machines, them in that the arrangement of the field-magnets in my apparatus insures more thorough induction.

In an arrangement of the character above described for the production of a single exterior current, it is important in order to secure maximum energy in the fields that each pair of armaturebobbins at the moment of passing from a given field to the opposite iicld should be thoroughly demagnetized or discharged of their residual magnetism, but this has been in] possible i n anymachineheretotore constructed.

I have discovered that this demagiletization ot' the armature-bobbins .in succes ve. pairs can be accomplished at the moment when each pair of bobbins registers in the plane or within the area of the neutral. zone of the lields and at the moment when no current is being gen erated in said pair of bobbins by either magnetic field, by providing a metallic (f-OIIIIQCUOI! such, for instance,': the disehargingwire Z (Fig. 10) between the minor segments of the commutator, which latter, it will. be borne in mind, are in the set of the machine also fixed to register in the plane or withi n the area of the neutral zone,-and that by this metallic connection, each bobbin of the pair for the time being in the plane or within the area of the neutral zone, through the in strumentality of its roller-contacts and during the period of their tread upon said minor seg ments, discharges itself through the said metallic eonneeti on into the other bobbin, so that differing only from the provision of the oppositely-flowing currents, of the two bobbins neutralize each other and thorough demagnetization in the pair of bobbins under consideration results.

Vhile the result of the neutralization of the current of each pair of armature-bobbins in the above manner is the demagnetization of all the bobbins-with the further result that the energizing the field-magnets is facilitated, yet the current of each pair of bobbins in turn is lost for useful work. I have also discovered that the bobbin-currents so, as above, lost by discharging through the wire Z represented in Fig. 10, can be'utilized by prolonging said wire to form a subsidiary exterior circuit the ciu'rent through which is capable of doing work, such for instance, as the running of incandescent lights, and is a subsidiary current composed of the several currents of the armature-bobbins.

This arrangement of a subsidiary circuit is illustrated in Fig. 3, said circuit being represented by the parallel dotted lines designated as N0. 4.

The wires of this circuit No. 4 are led off from terminals in connection with the minor segments of the commutator, and are in Fig. 3 represented as occupying. a position in a horizontal plane projected through the commuta tor-l1ead,.said position, under a predetermined estimated speed of the armature, being such as to occasion registry within the area of the neutral zone. 4

i represents incandescent lights upon said subsidiary circuit.

It will, I think, now be understood, that while I have in the above manner attained the result of a thorough demagnetization of all the pairs of bobbins of the armature at the proper time, that is, at the instant when each pair of bobbins is passing from the influence of one field to that of the other, and have thus intreased the potency of the current in the main exterior circuit, I have also utilized the energy otherwise necessarily lost (in effecting said demagnetization and increase of potency) for the production of a current in a subsidiary circuit, which is capable of doing useful work.

I have also discovered that the currents so as above, either lost by discharge through the short wire Z or utilized by prolonging. said wire to form a subsidiary exterior circuit, can also be utilized for the re-entorcement of the field-magnets.

This utilization can be accomplished by prolongingsaid dischargingwire Z to an extent necessary to coil it about the central spools of the field, making it, of course, continuous from one of the short segments through both coils back to the other short segment.

It is obviously to be understood that when I am utilizing these armature-currents for the ire-enforcement of the field-magnets, I cannot employ them for the setting up of a current through a subsidiary circuit capable of running lights as above set forth.

Assume now that I desire to set up currents in two exterior circuits for the running, for instance, of two separate sets of lamps, I first couple one extremity of an insulated wire with one of the circuit binding-posts communicating with one major segment of one set of the major segments of the commutator, or connect it with said segment direct,carry such wire in coils around the two outside spools of one field-magnet in succession,-then carry said wire off throughan exterior circuit provided with lamps, p, 9, such, for instance, as I have designated by No.1. in Fig. 3 ,carry it back again to the two outside spools of the opposite fieldanagnet and wind it in opposite succession around said spools,and finally connect the extremity beyond the last spool'to the circuit binding-post which communicates with that other major segment which is the opposite neighbor in the same set to that major segment to which the first end of said wire has been attached as described, or with said segment direct.

I next couple one extremity of an insulated wire with one of the circuit binding-posts com municating with one of the major segments of the other set (not being that set to which the wire of the circuit above described was at tached) or connect it with said segment di reet,-carry said wire in coils around the central spool of one field-magnet,then carry the wire off through an exterior circuit provided, for instance, with incandescent lamps q q and designated by No. 2 in Fig..3,earry it back again to the central spool of the opposite fieldmagnet and wind it in an opposite direction around said spool,and connect the extremity beyond the coil last mentioned to that circuit binding-post which communicates with that maj or segment which is the opposite neighbor in' the same set with that major segment to which the first end of the wire has been at taclied as described, or with said segment direct.

Vhen the apparatus is set up for two main circuits as above described, the arrangement of the wires of said circuits with respect to their connection with the sets of major seg ments can be understood by supposing that the wire of, for instance, the circuit No. l. of Fig. 3 is connected with that set of major segments which are designated by the letter \V in Fig.

IIO

14-, and the wire forming the circuit No. 2 con nected with that set otmajor segments designated by the letter W" in the same figure.

It is proper for me here to observe that, while that precise arrangement of the wires with respect to the spools of the field-magnets above described is that arrangement which will produce the best practical results, yet that it would be quite possible'to vary-the arrangement of said wires upon the spools and, in stead of coupling and coiling them precisely in the manner above described, couple the wire of the circuit No. 2, for instance, upon opposite end spools rather than upon center spools of the field-magnet, and couple to wire of circuit No. 1. upon adj aeent opposite spools rather than upon alternate.

It is proper also for me to observe that if the length of the pole-pieces be such as to fit them to carry a double set of cores, so that in stead of the employment of six helices twelve can be employed, by increasing the number of sets of segments in the connnutator and using three or four pairs of major segments instead of two, more than two circuits can be formed; but that, unless the armature be increased in dimensions and provided with a greater number of pairs ot'bobbins, the potency of a greater number of main currents than two would not be proportionately equal. to the potency of the two currents obtained by the precise construction and arrangement of parts illustrated and above described.

Assuming new again that I. desire to set up a main current in but a single exterior circuit for the running, for instance, of arc-lamps, but desire to utilize the other main current which I am enabled as hereinabove explained to obtain, and which I have designated by No. 2, and illustrated in Fig. 3, for the re-enforcement of the field-magnets,-I couple the wire of said cir mit No. 2 in a manner illustrated in. Fig. 4t, that is to say, carry it in coils around the central spools of the two fieldanagnets and instead of prolonging it off from the apparatus for the running, for instance, of a set of lights, simply carry it across the casing so that the current is employed simply for the magnetization of the fieldanagnets and not for the doing of other work.

This arrangement of wires enables the-formation of a re-entorcing circuit which. I have designated as No. 3 in Fig. 4.

-It is, of course, to be understood that all of the armature-currents are alike directed to the energizing of the field-magnets, and to the consequent formation and subsequent intensifying of whatever currents, main and subsidi ary, are being taken off the machine.

\Vhen I employ the machine to produce but a single main current the wire carrying which is coiled and arranged in. the manner which I have first among the several systems of coupling described, a connection for such of the pairs ofroller-contacts of the armature as tread upon that set of major segments to which the wire of the said main circuit is not connected, is as hereinbel'ore fully explained to be made from the set of major segments so trodden up on out to either the other set of major segmentsor to the wire of the main circuit, as otherwise the pairs of bobbins referred to would be inert.

It will be understood that whether the machine is coupled to produce one or two main or field currents, it is always possible to produce the subsidiary current which I have entitled No. v4. and already fully described, and

to utilize it either for the doing of work on a prolonged exterior circuit not being a field circuit or for the rc-enforcement of the magnetic fields.

It is proper also for me to state that while I have described the minor segments as common to both sets of major segments and as serving to receive the discharge from all the roller-contacts of all the sets of armature-coils, it is competent for me to divide the minor segments diametrically into two sets so as to enable the taking off of two subsidiary currents, a suitable connection analogous to that single and separate connection by wire hereinbefore described being of course made for the second subsidiary circuit.

Having now described, completely as I believe, the construction and operation of my apparatus, it is in point for me to state that many mechanical changes in the several operative parts of my apparatus can be made without departing from the essential features of construction which characterize the several parts themselves. Thus in Figs. 18 and 19 I have represented a modified form of commutator in which the tread of the roller-contacts or brushes of the bobbin terminals is upon the face or end of a disk-shaped commutator instead of upon the sides of a eylindric commit tator, in which disk-shaped connnutator, however, my construction of major and minor segments and connection of minor segments is retained and simply modified as to the relative position and arrangement of said segments.

It would be quite competent for me, moreover, to so further modify the commutator that certain of the bobbin terminals should tread upon its end or face in the manner of the above figures, and certain other sets tread upon its side in the manner previously described.

These and many other kindred changes will be obvious toelectricians and do not, as I view it, require further elaboration by me,- as the gist of my invent-ion resides not only in the mechanical principles of the several constructions hereinbet'ore explained, by which constructions I am enabled to derive and utilize several separate currents from the same machine, but also and vitally resides in the fact that I, for the first time in the history of the art, have derived from a single bipolar dynamoelectric machine, both separate and distinct exterior currents utilized either for the ()1I)O1"d-tl1lg of different lampcircuits; or for the doing of other work, or else utilized, in connection with said operation or doing of work, for the re-en'l'orcement ol' the fields, and together with said field-currents armaturecurrents not being carried off through the field but discharged through the wire of asubsidiary circuit with results hereinbefore described.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent:-

1. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a fixed commutator composed of minor segments electrically connected together and of major segments to which the wires of field-circuits are com1ected,-ot' arevolving armature composed of the following elements, to wit: -a'series of bobbin-spools assembled in cylindriform relationship, a series of coils forming armature-bobbins and being composed of wires wound upon said bobbin-spools, and a series of bobbin terminals, contacts, or

brushes, to which the terminal extremities of the wires of said coils are connected, substan tially as hereinbefore set forth.

2. In a dynamo-electric machine, the com bination with a fixed commutator composed of minor segments electrically connected to gether and of major segments to which the .wires of field-circuits are connected,of a re .volving armature consisting of the following elements, to wit:-first, a series of bobbin spools assembled in cylindriform relationship, second, a series of coils forming armature-bob- .bins and being composed of wires wound upon said bobbin-spools, third, a series of bobbin terminals, contacts, or brushes, to which the terminal extremities of the wires of said coils are connected, and, fourth, a head plate or equivalent contrivance for carrying and insulating the bobbin terminals, formed of or provided with insulating material, and adapted to rotate in fixed connection with the spools,- substantially as set forth. v

3. In a bipolar dynamoelectric machine the combination of two oppositely-placed semicylindric or segmental pole-pieces of soft iron each provided as to its exterior surface with threeradial cores, with two oppositely-placed semi-cylindric shells of iron which form the casing of the apparatus are concentric with the pole-pieces and to which said pole-pieces are connected and supported through the instrumentality of their cores, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. In a dynamo-electric machine, a fixed commutator composed of minor segments electrically connected together and of major segments to which the wires of field-circuits are connected, substantially as described.

5. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a fixed commutator composed of minor segments electrically connected together and of major segments to which the wires of field-circuits are connected,-of two fieldmagnets provided with semi-cylindric magnetic pole-pieces set so as to leave between their adjacent sides open spaces which con stitute the neutral zone of the machine, the.

arrangement being such that the minor segments in the set up of the machine register within the area of the neutral zone while the major segments register .zwithin the area of influence of the field-magnets, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

6. In a dynamo-electric machine, the com: bination with a fixed commutator composed of minor segments electrically connected together and of major segments to which the wires of a field-circuit are connected, of a revolving armature composed of a series of separate coils suitably connected for the formation of separate armature or interior circuits, the terminal extremities of which coils are connected with. bobbin terminals, contacts, or brushes, adapted to revolve with the armature and in contact with both the major and minor segments of the commutator, substantially and for the purposes herebefore set forth.

7. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with afixed commutator composed of minor segments electrically connected, and of sets of major segments assembled together with the minor segments in suitable relationship, preferably cylindriform, and as to the respective sets separately connected with the terminal extremities of the wires of separate field-circuits, -of a revolving armature composed of a series of separate coils suitably connected for the formation of separate armature or interior circuits, the terminal extremities of which coils are connected with bobbin terminals, contacts, or brushes, adapted to revolve with the armature, and so respectively disposed as to travel. in opposite pairs upon different sets of 'maj or segments and upon the minor segments of the commutator, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.

8. Inadynamo-electricmachine, afixed comcally connected by a wire of any desired length to form an exterior circuit not being a field- .circuit but being employed for useful work,

nected with the terminal extremities of the wires of separate exterior field-circuits and assembled in suitable relationship, preferably cylindriform, with the minorsegments,in combination with a revolving armature in which are disposed the wires of separate armature or interior circuits the terminals of which revolve with the armature in separate pairs connectedwith separate armature-circuits and in contact by sets with both the dif: ferent sets of major segments, and with the minor segments of the commutator, all substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.

9. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a fixed commutator composed of mi nor segments electrically connected together and of major segments to which the wires of field-circuits are connected,of an armature composed of a series of bobbins, the terminals, contacts, or brushes, of which revolve fixedly with said bobbins and are controlled by springs or kindred cushioning devices to tread upon both the major and minor segments of the fixed commutator, substantially asset forth.

10. In a dynamo-electric machine, the following instrumentalities in combination :.two oppositely placed field -1nagnets the polepieces of which are semi-cylindric; a fixed commutator composed of two segments eleclength, and of two segments insulated from the two first named but electrically connected by a wire forming a circuit of the field-magnets; a cylindriform armature revolving within the I pole-pieces of the field-1nagncts and provided mutator composed of minor segments electriand of sets of major segments electrically contrically connected by a wire of any desiredv with. coils forming the a-r1nature-circuits; and a series of pairs of terminals or contacts for the wires of the armaturecircuits, each pair connected within an armature-circuit, revolving as a fixed whole with the armature, and disposed so as to travel in contact with the segments of the commutator, all sul'istantiz'illy as hereinbet'ore described.

11. The method of demagnetizing the holy bins of a given armature-oircuit of a dynamoelectric machine at the moment when said bobbins register within the area of the neutral zone of the machine, at which moment no current is being generated in said bobbins by either magnetic field, which consists in bringing the terminals of said bobbins momentarily in contact with each other through the medium of an intermediate electrical connection not being a field-circuit and in discharging the residual megnetism from said armaturebobbins through said electrical connection (the operation taking place successively as to all the bobbins), whereby not only is the maximum magnetization. secured to the bobbins, but a subsidiary current also set up in said connection which can be utilized for useful work, substantially as hereinbel'ore set forth.

L12.v In combination with a dynamo-electric machine, a wire the terminals of which are re spect-ively in opposite major segments of the connnutator, which is carried in coils around .the spools of the iieldmagnets, and carried off or prolonged to form an exterior main or lamp circuit,an d a wirethe terminals of which are in the minor segments or the commutator, and

which is not connected with the field-n'lagnets, but which constitutes a subsidiary circuit, sub- I stantially as set forth.

13. In a system of producing electrical cur rents by means of a single bipolar dynamoelectric machine, -the OOHlbillZttiOll'OfOlJG fieldcircuit employed for the running of lamps or the doing of other work, a second field-circuit employed for the running oi a separate series of lamps or the doing of other work,and a third or subsidiary circuit, employed not only for the demagnetization. of the arniature-bobbins and for the consequent securing of a maxi mum energy in all. the currents, but also for the running of a third separate series of lamps or the doing of other work, all of said circuits having their terminals in said machine.

14. The method of demagnetizing the armature-lmbbins of a dynamo-electric machine,

which consists in passing each of the demag circuit, employed for the demagnetization ol' the armatiire-bobbins and for the consequent scouring of a maximum energy in all the currents,all of said circuits having their terminals in said machine.

16. In a dynamoelectric machine, a fixed commutator composed of minor segments electrically connected together, and of major ments to which the wires of field-circuits are connected, the said major segments being dividcd into sets whereby any desired. number of said wires may be connected with the machine.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name this 13th day of January, A. 1'). 1883.

NATHAN ll N'llll'l Y ll lltl I) K'J'ON in presence oi J. BONSALL Tiirron, JOHN Jo LLEY, Jr. 

